# ISRO

> ISRO is India's national space agency, known for the Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing, Aditya-L1 solar observatory, LVM3 rocket, and the Gaganyaan crew program.

- Canonical: https://thespacewiki.com/wiki/isro
- Updated: 2026-11-15
- Category: agencies
- License: CC BY-SA 4.0. Attribute "The Space Wiki (thespacewiki.com)".

| Fact | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Indian Space Research Organisation |
| Founded | August 15, 1969 |
| Headquarters | Bengaluru, India |
| Chairman | V. Narayanan (since January 2025) |
| Parent body | Department of Space, Government of India |
| Key programs | Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan, Aditya-L1, NISAR (with NASA) |
| Key rockets | PSLV, GSLV, LVM3, SSLV |
| Commercial arm | NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) |
| Notable achievement | First landing near the lunar south polar region (2023) |

The **Indian Space Research Organisation** (ISRO) is India's national space agency, formed on August 15, 1969, and headquartered in Bengaluru. Built around low-cost, high-reliability missions, ISRO reached [Mars](/wiki/mars) orbit on its first attempt with the Mangalyaan probe in 2014,[2] and in August 2023 made India the fourth country to soft-land on [the Moon](/wiki/the_moon), and the first to do so near the lunar south polar region.[3]

Physicist Vikram Sarabhai led the agency's founding, and it now reports to the Department of Space, developing launch vehicles, satellites, and exploration missions and launching from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on the island of Sriharikota. V. Narayanan, a propulsion engineer, became chairman in January 2025. ISRO placed the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter at the Moon in 2008,[1] and is now preparing Gaganyaan, India's first crewed spaceflight program, with an uncrewed test flight targeted for late 2026 and a crewed mission planned for 2027,[64] dates ISRO officials have acknowledged could slip.[4][5]

## Status as of November 2026

On October 30, 2026, a GSLV launched the NVS-03 navigation satellite from Sriharikota, ISRO's third launch attempt of the year and its second success; by November 4 the satellite had reached geosynchronous orbit.[42][79][80] The first was the EOS-05 imaging satellite on September 4.[58][59][70] The PSLV has not flown since PSLV-C62 failed on January 12.[42] On November 12 ISRO test-fired a strengthened version of the rocket's third stage, the stage at fault in its last two failures, and said further tests were planned.[81] After the EOS-05 launch, chairman V. Narayanan said ISRO was targeting six more launches in the financial year ending in March 2027,[62] and the agency scheduled the next operational LVM3 mission, M7, for the fourth quarter of 2026.[63] The government told Parliament in August that Gaganyaan-1, the uncrewed flight carrying the Vyommitra robot, was targeted for the same quarter, with two more uncrewed flights and the first crewed mission to follow by 2027.[64] Neither had flown by mid-November.[42] NISAR remains in routine science operations, and its full L-band record is due out by the end of 2026.[65][36]

## Origins

India's space effort predates ISRO itself. Physicist Vikram Sarabhai persuaded Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to create the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, and the program's first flight, a Nike-Apache sounding rocket, lifted off from Thumba on India's southern coast on November 21, 1963.[43][44] ISRO superseded the committee on August 15, 1969.[43] The agency's first satellite, Aryabhata, a 360-kilogram platform for X-ray astronomy and solar physics, rode a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket to orbit on April 19, 1975.[45] An Indian rocket followed: the SLV-3, a 22-meter, all-solid, four-stage vehicle that could place 40 kilograms in low Earth orbit. Its first attempt in August 1979 was only partially successful, but on July 18, 1980 it delivered the Rohini RS-1 satellite, making India the sixth country to orbit a satellite on its own launcher. Two more SLV-3 flights in 1981 and 1983 carried small remote sensing payloads, and the vehicle's lineage runs through the ASLV to the PSLV and GSLV.[46]

## Chandrayaan lunar program

India's Chandrayaan lunar program opened with Chandrayaan-1 (2008), which carried the instrument that helped confirm water molecules in lunar soil.[1] Chandrayaan-2 (2019) delivered a successful orbiter, but its Vikram lander crashed during descent. Chandrayaan-3, launched on an LVM3 rocket on July 14, 2023, corrected the flaws: the Vikram lander touched down at 69 degrees south on August 23, 2023, and deployed the small Pragyan rover.[3][6] The two solar-powered craft operated through one lunar day, measuring surface temperatures, sulfur in the regolith, and seismic activity, and Vikram performed a short propulsive hop before shutting down.[7][8][9]

The landing made India the fourth nation to reach the lunar surface intact, after the Soviet Union, the United States, and China, and the first to land in the south polar region that later missions from several nations now target for water ice.[3] In a bonus demonstration, the mission's propulsion module fired its engines after the surface phase ended and returned from lunar orbit to Earth orbit, rehearsing maneuvers a sample return will need.[9] That follow-on mission, Chandrayaan-4, received Indian cabinet approval in September 2024.[10] It will launch as two spacecraft stacks on two LVM3 rockets, dock in Earth orbit and again in lunar orbit, and aims to bring back two to three kilograms of surface and drilled subsurface samples from near the south pole.[10][11] In February 2026, ISRO identified a flat patch atop Mons Mouton, a mountain about 160 kilometers from the lunar south pole, as the landing site, picked from four candidates imaged by Chandrayaan-2's high-resolution camera; launch is targeted around 2028.[12]

## Space science

Aditya-L1, India's first dedicated solar observatory, launched on a PSLV on September 2, 2023, and entered a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point, 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, on January 6, 2024.[13] Its seven instruments observe the corona, the solar wind, and solar flares without interruption from eclipses;[14] the spacecraft completed its first 178-day halo orbit in July 2024.[15] Among its early results, the SUIT ultraviolet telescope captured the first images of a solar flare "kernel" in the Sun's lower atmosphere, recorded during an X6.3-class flare in February 2024 and published in early 2025.[16][17] Other science missions include the AstroSat space telescope (2015) and the XPoSat X-ray polarimetry satellite (2024). In January 2025, the SpaDeX experiment made India the fourth country to demonstrate autonomous docking between two spacecraft, a capability required for future station and sample return plans.[18][19] The paired satellites undocked in March 2025 and docked a second time that April, fully autonomously, then transferred power from one craft to the other.[20][21] The next planetary target is [Venus](/wiki/venus): the Venus Orbiter Mission, approved by the cabinet in September 2024 with 19 science payloads, is targeted for a March 2028 launch window.[10] Sixteen of its payloads are Indian, and after arrival the spacecraft will spend six to eight months aerobraking down to its final science orbit, on a budget ISRO puts at about 1,236 crore rupees.[10]

## Gaganyaan and human spaceflight

Gaganyaan, India's first crewed spaceflight program, aims to fly Indian astronauts to low Earth orbit on a human-rated version of the LVM3. The program's stated goal is a crew of three in a 400-kilometer orbit for a three-day mission, protected during ascent by a solid-motor crew escape system,[47] and a success would make India the fourth country to launch people on its own vehicle, after Russia, the United States, and China.[48] ISRO human-rated the LVM3's Vikas core-stage engines in April 2023 and its CE20 cryogenic upper-stage engine in February 2024, the latter after 39 engine tests.[48] A crew escape test, TV-D1, flew in October 2023, and four Indian Air Force pilots, Prasanth Nair, Ajit Krishnan, Angad Pratap, and Shubhanshu Shukla, who had trained in Russia and India, were introduced as astronaut-designates in February 2024.[48] One of them, Shubhanshu Shukla, flew as pilot on the private Axiom Mission 4 to the [International Space Station](/wiki/international_space_station) in June 2025, becoming the first Indian in orbit since Rakesh Sharma in 1984 and giving the program direct spaceflight experience. The mission lifted off from Kennedy Space Center on June 25, 2025, on a [Falcon 9](/wiki/falcon_9) carrying Grace, a new [Crew Dragon](/wiki/crew_dragon) on its first flight, with former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson commanding and astronauts from Poland and Hungary filling the other two seats.[49][50] He spent 18 days aboard the station, completed seven Indian-designed microgravity experiments, and splashed down off the California coast on July 15, 2025.[22]

The first uncrewed orbital test, Gaganyaan-1 (G1), has slipped repeatedly: in October 2025 Narayanan said it was set for the first week of December 2025,[23] but the flight moved into 2026, and in August 2026 the government told Parliament it was targeted for the fourth quarter of that year.[64] G1 will carry Vyommitra, a half-humanoid robot designed to monitor the crew module's systems, raise alerts and carry out life-support operations.[64][71] Ground qualification has continued through the delays; in July 2026 the crew module's recovery hardware, including the flotation system that rights the capsule after splashdown, passed its tests,[5] and work toward TV-D2, the follow-up to the TV-D1 test-vehicle flight, was under way that August.[64] In October 2026, ISRO reported that it had completed a series of ground tests of the system that separates the crew module from the service module before re-entry, and said G1 was still targeted for launch in 2026.[78] Two further uncrewed flights, in the same configuration as the first crewed mission, are to follow G1, and the government's August 2026 schedule targets both of them and the crewed H1 mission by 2027.[64] In July 2026, The Register reported that ISRO had never published a firm timeline and that officials had suggested the test flights could take place in 2027, with crewed missions following in 2028.[5] The government has also approved longer-range goals: a Bharatiya Antariksh Station (Indian space station), whose first module and four technology demonstration missions were funded through December 2028 as part of an expanded Gaganyaan program,[24] a complete station by 2035, and an Indian crewed lunar landing by 2040.[25] By August 2026, ISRO had settled on a five-module configuration for the station.[64] The September 2024 cabinet decision behind that expansion reshaped Gaganyaan into eight missions to be completed by December 2028, including the launch of the first station module, BAS-1, and lifted total program funding to 20,193 crore rupees, roughly 2.4 billion dollars.[51] A February 2026 reply to Parliament listed the eight as three uncrewed flights (G1 to G3), two crewed flights (H1 and H2), a docking mission to a space station (G4), the BAS-1 launch, and a docking mission to BAS-1 (G5), and put spending on the program at about 6,018 crore rupees as of January 2026.[72]

## Launch vehicles

ISRO fields four orbital launch vehicles, from the small-satellite SSLV to the LVM3, its heaviest rocket:

| Rocket | First orbital flight | Payload class | Role |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PSLV | 1993 | About 1,750 kg to Sun-synchronous orbit | Workhorse for Earth observation and small missions |
| GSLV | 2001 | About 2,500 kg to geostationary transfer orbit | Cryogenic upper stage; launched NISAR |
| LVM3 | 2017 | About 4,000 kg to GTO, 10,000 kg to LEO | Heaviest Indian rocket; Chandrayaan-3 and Gaganyaan |
| SSLV | 2022 | About 500 kg to LEO | Quick-turnaround small satellite launcher |

ISRO's PSLV has flown 64 missions since 1993 and once deployed 104 satellites on a single 2017 flight, then a world record. Two consecutive failures have interrupted that reliability: the C61 mission, the vehicle's 63rd, was lost in May 2025 when chamber pressure fell in the third-stage motor,[26][27] and the C62 return-to-flight mission failed in January 2026 after a roll disturbance late in the third stage's burn.[28] Before these, the PSLV had not failed since 2017.[27] The vehicle has not flown since the C62 loss,[42] and in February 2026 ISRO said a national-level expert committee was reviewing the anomaly.[61] In June 2026, Jitendra Singh, the minister of state for space, said the committee had submitted its report and that the anomaly had been identified and resolved.[77] On November 12, 2026, ISRO fired a reworked third-stage motor on the ground at Sriharikota, with changes to the nozzle to widen its design margins and redundant seals at the mechanical joints, and said further tests were planned.[81]

The LVM3 (formerly GSLV Mk III) is central to current plans: it launched Chandrayaan-3, carried 72 OneWeb broadband satellites across two commercial missions in 2022-2023, and is being human-rated for Gaganyaan. In late 2025 it flew twice in under eight weeks, first with CMS-03, a 4,400-kilogram naval communications satellite that was the heaviest Indian communications satellite yet sent toward geostationary orbit,[29] then with BlueBird 6, a roughly 6,000-kilogram commercial direct-to-smartphone satellite for the American operator AST SpaceMobile and the heaviest payload the rocket has placed in low Earth orbit.[30] No LVM3 has flown in 2026;[42] ISRO has scheduled the seventh operational mission, M7, for the fourth quarter of the year, and on September 9 the CE20 upper-stage engine earmarked for that flight completed a flight acceptance hot test at an uprated thrust of 22 tonnes.[63] An upgrade is in ground test: the SE2000 semi-cryogenic engine, burning refined kerosene with liquid oxygen, is to power a new SC120 stage that replaces the LVM3's L110 core, and on June 24, 2026, its power head test article ran at 175 tonnes of thrust, 88 percent of the rated level, after earlier runs at 94 and 120 tonnes.[52] On September 5, 2026, in the ninth test of the series, the test article reached the full rated thrust of 200 tonnes for five seconds during a 35-second run.[74]

The GSLV opened 2025 by flying the NVS-02 navigation satellite on the 100th launch from Sriharikota.[31] At 2:55 a.m. local time on September 4, 2026, GSLV-F17, the vehicle's 19th flight and ISRO's first launch since January, placed the 2,367-kilogram EOS-05 into a sub-geosynchronous transfer orbit;[58][59] three engine burns by September 7 raised the satellite close to geosynchronous altitude, bound for the 85.5 degrees east slot.[73][60] EOS-05 is India's first imaging satellite for geosynchronous orbit and replaces EOS-03 (GISAT-1), which was lost when a GSLV failed in August 2021.[59][70] GSLV-F18, the vehicle's 20th flight, followed at 11:51 p.m. on October 30 with NVS-03, the third of ISRO's next-generation navigation satellites, which adds an L1 signal to the L5 and S-band signals of the earlier series and carries an Indian-built atomic clock. Four engine burns had raised it to geosynchronous orbit by November 4.[79][80]

For heavier loads, the September 2024 cabinet decisions funded the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), designed to lift three times the LVM3's payload at 1.5 times the cost, with reusable components and three development flights planned.[24] A second spaceport at Kulasekarapattinam, in Tamil Nadu, is under construction for small launch vehicles; ISRO had aimed to finish the complex by December 2026,[32] but in September 2026 Narayanan said its launch pad would be ready by March 2027.[75]

Orbital launches since the start of 2025:

| Date | Mission | Payload | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 29, 2025 | GSLV-F15 | NVS-02 navigation satellite | Success; 100th launch from Sriharikota[31] |
| May 18, 2025 | PSLV-C61 | EOS-09 imaging satellite | Failure in the third stage[26] |
| July 30, 2025 | GSLV-F16 | NISAR | Success[33] |
| November 2, 2025 | LVM3-M5 | CMS-03 communications satellite | Success[29] |
| December 24, 2025 | LVM3-M6 | BlueBird 6 (commercial) | Success[30] |
| January 12, 2026 | PSLV-C62 | EOS-N1 and rideshare payloads | Failure in the third stage[28] |
| September 4, 2026 | GSLV-F17 | EOS-05 imaging satellite | Success[58] |
| October 30, 2026 | GSLV-F18 | NVS-03 navigation satellite | Success[79] |

## NISAR and international cooperation

NISAR, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite, launched on a GSLV on July 30, 2025, into a 747-kilometer polar orbit, the first GSLV mission to a Sun-synchronous orbit. The jointly built observatory carries L-band and S-band radars that can detect centimeter-scale movement of land and ice worldwide, supporting studies of earthquakes, glaciers, and ecosystems. It is the largest space hardware collaboration to date between [NASA](/wiki/nasa) and ISRO.[33] The satellite returned its first radar images in August 2025,[34] finished commissioning, and entered its science operations phase in early January 2026, imaging nearly all of Earth's land and ice on a 12-day repeat cycle across a three-year baseline mission.[35] The first calibrated L-band data reached the public archive on July 20, 2026, through NASA's Earthdata system, covering observations from June 17 onward.[36] ISRO began releasing daily processed S-band products through its Bhoonidhi portal the same month, starting with data acquired from July 8, 2026, with earlier observations to be reprocessed and added in phases.[66] In September 2026, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory released a time-lapse built from 17 NISAR radar frames, taken between December 2025 and mid-August 2026, that follows lava spreading from Krasheninnikov, a Kamchatka volcano that began erupting in August 2025 for the first time in nearly five centuries.[65]

India became the 27th signatory of the Artemis Accords on June 21, 2023,[53] and ISRO cooperates with agencies including CNES and [JAXA](/wiki/jaxa). With JAXA it is preparing the joint Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX lunar polar mission, an ISRO-built lander carrying a JAXA rover to prospect for water ice near the lunar south pole, set to launch on Japan's H3 rocket late this decade; the two agencies signed the mission's implementing arrangement in August 2025.[37][38] India's cabinet had cleared its share of the mission that March, chairman V. Narayanan announced.[54] At the ninth meeting of the India-U.S. Civil Space Joint Working Group, held at ISRO headquarters in Bengaluru on August 5 and 6, 2026, NASA invited ISRO to take part in its Moon Base program as an extension of the two countries' cooperation under the Artemis Accords.[76] On September 10, 2026, Narayanan and [ESA](/wiki/european_space_agency) Director General Josef Aschbacher signed letters amending the ISRO-ESA cooperation agreement to cover human and robotic exploration, space weather and the sustainability of space activities, and extending it to 2032.[69]

## Commercial activities

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), founded in 2019, is ISRO's commercial arm, selling launches and satellite services and transferring technology to industry; it managed the OneWeb LVM3 missions. One agreement hands an entire rocket to industry: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) won the SSLV production rights in June 2025 with a 511 crore rupee bid,[55] and HAL, NSIL, ISRO, and the regulator IN-SPACe signed the technology transfer agreement on September 10, 2025, which IN-SPACe calls one of the first times any space agency has handed a complete launch vehicle design to a company.[55][56] The transfer runs two years, during which HAL builds and launches two SSLVs with ISRO's help before producing the rocket on its own.[55] IN-SPACe, created in 2020, licenses a fast-growing private sector that includes startups such as Skyroot Aerospace and Agnikul Cosmos, which have flown India's first private suborbital rockets. Agnikul's flight, the Agnibaan SOrTeD demonstrator launched on May 30, 2024 from the company's own pad at Sriharikota, carried the world's first rocket engine 3D-printed as a single piece and was India's first launch powered by a semi-cryogenic engine.[57] That sector reached orbit on July 18, 2026, when Skyroot's Vikram-1 placed two small satellites in a 450-kilometer orbit on its first flight, the first orbital launch by a private Indian company; ISRO cast and tested the rocket's solid motors at its own facilities and hosted the launch at Sriharikota, with IN-SPACe handling clearances.[39][40] On September 25, 2026, the government's Technology Development Board agreed to provide Agnikul 200 crore rupees, through optionally convertible debentures, toward a fully reusable version of Agnibaan.[68] After media reports suggested that ISRO was being privatized or its role reduced, the agency stated on September 6, 2026, that it "will neither be privatised nor will its importance be diminished".[67] The statement said production of mature launch vehicles and routine satellites can increasingly pass to industry or public sector companies through competitive processes, leaving ISRO to concentrate on human spaceflight, next-generation launch systems, and deep-space and planetary missions. It also counted more than 450 Indian space startups, up from a handful in 2020, and put the country's space economy at about 8.4 billion dollars.[67] India's space budget remains modest by superpower standards, approximately 13,700 crore rupees (about 1.6 billion dollars) for 2026-27, a constraint that has shaped ISRO's cost-conscious engineering culture.[41]

## References

1. [Chandrayaan-1 / Moon Impact Probe](https://science.nasa.gov/mission/chandrayaan-1/) - NASA Science.
2. [Mars Orbiter Mission](https://science.nasa.gov/mission/mom/) - NASA Science.
3. [India on the moon! Chandrayaan-3 becomes 1st probe to land near lunar south pole](https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success) - Space.com.
4. [India delays 1st Gaganyaan astronaut launch to 2027](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/india-delays-1st-gaganyaan-astronaut-launch-to-2027) - Space.com.
5. [India's crewed space mission is ready for splashdown, but not launch](https://www.theregister.com/science/2026/07/14/indias-crewed-space-mission-is-ready-for-splashdown-but-not-launch/5270879) - The Register.
6. [Chandrayaan-3 Details](https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html) - ISRO.
7. [Chandrayaan-3](https://www.planetary.org/space-missions/chandrayaan-3) - The Planetary Society.
8. [LIBS confirms the presence of Sulphur (S) on the lunar surface through unambiguous in-situ measurements](https://www.isro.gov.in/LIBSResults.html) - ISRO.
9. [Returns to home Earth: Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module moved from Lunar orbit to Earth's orbit](https://www.isro.gov.in/Ch3_Propulsion_Module_moved_from_Lunar_orbit_to_Earth_orbit.html) - ISRO.
10. [Mission to the Venus, and to the Moon: Configuration and Scientific Objectives](https://www.isro.gov.in/UnionCabinetApprovesIndiasMission.html) - ISRO.
11. [India to target moon's south pole with sample return mission](https://spacenews.com/india-to-target-moons-south-pole-with-sample-return-mission/) - SpaceNews.
12. [Chandrayaan-4 mission: ISRO selects Mons Mouton site for landing](https://telanganatoday.com/chandrayaan-4-mission-isro-selects-mons-mouton-site-for-landing) - Telangana Today.
13. [Halo-Orbit Insertion of Aditya-L1 Successfully Accomplished](https://www.isro.gov.in/halo-orbit-insertion-adtya-l1.html) - ISRO.
14. [Aditya-L1 Booklet](https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Aditya_L1_Booklet.pdf) - ISRO.
15. [Aditya-L1 Mission: Completion of First Halo Orbit](https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Mission_Completion_of_First_Halo_Orbit.html) - ISRO.
16. [Historic First: India's Solar Ultra-violet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Captures Unprecedented Solar Flare Details](https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_EN/SUIT_Aditya-L1_Captures_SolarFlare.html) - ISRO.
17. [Indian spacecraft Aditya-L1 observes massive solar flare](https://phys.org/news/2025-02-indian-spacecraft-aditya-l1-massive.html) - Phys.org.
18. [SpaDeX Mission](https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_SpaDeX.html) - ISRO.
19. [SpaDeX docking of SDX-01 and SDX-02, January 16, 2025](https://www.isro.gov.in/spadex_docking.html) - ISRO.
20. [SpaDeX undocking successful](https://www.isro.gov.in/spadex_undocking_successful.html) - ISRO.
21. [SpaDeX Mission: Successful demonstration of Second Docking and Power Transfer](https://www.isro.gov.in/Spadex_Successful_demonstration_of_Second_Docking_and_Power_Transfer.html) - ISRO.
22. [Axiom-4 Mission: A saga of ~12 million kilometers and ~282 orbits aboard ISS](https://www.isro.gov.in/Axiom04_mission_successfully_concluded_return_ISRO_Gaganyatri_ShubhanshuShukla.html) - ISRO.
23. [ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan Confirms Gaganyaan G1 Launch Set for December](https://www.newsonair.gov.in/isro-chairman-dr-v-narayanan-confirms-gaganyaan-g1-launch-set-for-december) - Akashvani News (All India Radio), October 23, 2025.
24. [India approves moon sample return, Venus orbiter, space station module and reusable launcher](https://spacenews.com/india-approves-moon-sample-return-venus-orbiter-space-station-module-and-reusable-launcher/) - SpaceNews.
25. [13th Meeting of the NESAC Society](https://www.isro.gov.in/Meeting_of_the_NESAC_Society.html) - ISRO.
26. [PSLV-C61 / EOS-09 Mission](https://www.isro.gov.in/Mission_PSLV_C61_EOS_09.html) - ISRO.
27. [Indian rocket launch fails, Earth-observation satellite lost](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/indian-rocket-launch-fails-earth-observation-satellite-lost) - Space.com.
28. [ISRO's first 2026 mission PSLV-C62 fails](https://www.deccanherald.com/science/space/isros-first-2026-mission-pslv-c62-fails-3859678) - Deccan Herald.
29. [India launches a huge military communications satellite to orbit using its most powerful rocket](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/india-lvm3-cms-03-military-communications-satellite-launch) - Space.com.
30. [Indian rocket launches AST SpaceMobile's next-gen BlueBird 6 satellite](https://spacenews.com/indian-rocket-launches-ast-spacemobiles-next-gen-bluebird-6-satellite/) - SpaceNews.
31. [GSLV-F15 / NVS-02 Mission](https://www.isro.gov.in/GSLV-F15_NVS-02_Mission.html) - ISRO.
32. [Kulasekarapattinam launch complex expected to be ready by Dec '26: ISRO Chief](https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/kulasekarapattinam-launch-complex-expected-to-be-ready-by-dec26-isro-chief-844757) - DT Next.
33. [NASA-ISRO Satellite Lifts Off to Track Earth's Changing Surfaces](https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-isro-satellite-lifts-off-to-track-earths-changing-surfaces/) - NASA.
34. [NASA-ISRO Satellite Sends First Radar Images of Earth's Surface](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-isro-satellite-sends-first-radar-images-of-earths-surface/) - NASA JPL.
35. [NISAR Mission Overview](https://science.nasa.gov/mission/nisar/mission-overview/) - NASA Science.
36. [NISAR L-Band Data Now Publicly Available](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/alerts-outages/nisar-l-band-data-now-publicly-available) - NASA Earthdata.
37. [Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) Project Underway, Working with India to Investigate if There is Water on the Moon](https://global.jaxa.jp/activity/pr/jaxas/no092/02.html) - JAXA.
38. [PM Modi welcomes ISRO-JAXA collaboration for Chandrayaan-5 LUPEX mission](https://ddnews.gov.in/en/pm-modi-welcomes-isro-jaxa-collaboration-for-chandrayaan-5-lupex-mission/) - DD News.
39. [First private orbital launch lifts off from Sriharikota](https://www.isro.gov.in/First_private_orbital_launch_lifts_from_Sriharikota.html) - ISRO.
40. [Skyroot Aerospace reaches orbit on first Vikram-1 launch](https://spacenews.com/skyroot-aerospace-reaches-orbit-on-first-vikram-1-launch/) - SpaceNews.
41. [Budget 2026: ISRO sees modest funding hike for 2026-27 as Department of Space gets Rs 13,705 crore](https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget/news/story/budget-2026-isro-sees-modest-funding-hike-for-2026-27-as-department-of-space-gets-rs-13705-crore-514032-2026-02-01) - Business Today.
42. [Launch Missions](https://www.isro.gov.in/LaunchMissions.html) - ISRO.
43. [ISRO: The Indian Space Research Organization](https://www.space.com/indian-space-research-organization.html) - Space.com.
44. [ISRO celebrates diamond jubilee of first sounding rocket launch](https://www.isro.gov.in/diamond_jubilee_first_sounding_rocket_launch.html) - ISRO.
45. [Aryabhata](https://www.isro.gov.in/aryabhata_1.html) - ISRO.
46. [SLV](https://www.isro.gov.in/SLV.html) - ISRO.
47. [Gaganyaan](https://www.isro.gov.in/Gaganyaan.html) - ISRO.
48. [India unveils its first set of Gaganyaan astronauts](https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4756/1) - The Space Review.
49. [Axiom's Fourth Private Mission Launches to Station Aboard Dragon](https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/spacestation/2025/06/25/axioms-fourth-private-mission-launches-to-station-aboard-dragon/) - NASA.
50. [Axiom Mission 4 launches atop Falcon 9 on new Crew Dragon Grace](https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2025/06/ax-4-launch/) - NASASpaceFlight.
51. [Bharatiya Anthariksh Station (BAS): Our own Space Station for Scientific research to be established with the launch of its first module in 2028](https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/bharatiya-anthariksh-station-bas-our-own-space-station-for-scientific-research-to-be-established-with-the-launch-of-its-first-module-in-2028/) - Prime Minister's Office, India.
52. [ISRO successfully conducted hot test of Semicryogenic Engine Power Head Test Article at higher thrust level](https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_successfully_conducted_hot_test_of_Semicryogenic_Engine.html) - ISRO.
53. [NASA Welcomes India as 27th Artemis Accords Signatory](https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-welcomes-india-as-27th-artemis-accords-signatory) - NASA.
54. [Centre has given go ahead for Chadrayaan-5 mission to moon: ISRO chief Narayanan](https://ddnews.gov.in/en/centre-has-given-go-ahead-for-chadrayaan-5-mission-to-moon-isro-chief-narayanan/) - DD News.
55. [In a first, HAL wins contract to build small satellite launch vehicles](https://www.deccanherald.com/business/companies/in-a-first-hal-wins-contract-to-build-small-satellite-launch-vehicles-3596057) - Deccan Herald.
56. [Technology Transfer Agreement signed for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)](https://www.isro.gov.in/Technology_Transfer_Agreement_SSLV.html) - ISRO.
57. [Agnikul launches World's First Rocket with Fully 3D Printed Engine](https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2022161) - Press Information Bureau.
58. [GSLV-F17/EOS-05 Mission](https://www.isro.gov.in/Mission_GSLVF17.html) - ISRO.
59. [India sends Earth-imaging satellite toward geosynchronous orbit in milestone launch (video)](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/gslv-mark-ii-eos-05-launch-first-indian-geo-earth-observing-satellite) - Space.com, September 3, 2026.
60. [Third and final orbit manoeuvring of EOS-05 spacecraft](https://www.isro.gov.in/Third_and_final_orbit_manoeuvring_of_EOS_05_spacecraft.html) - ISRO, September 7, 2026.
61. [PSLV related Update](https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLV_Update.html) - ISRO, February 25, 2026.
62. [Work on uncrewed Gaganyaan mission in full swing: ISRO chief Narayanan](https://www.deccanherald.com/india/work-on-uncrewed-gaganyaan-mission-in-full-swing-isro-chief-narayanan-4134722) - Deccan Herald (PTI), September 4, 2026.
63. [Successful Hot Test of CE20 Cryogenic Engine for LVM3 M7 Mission](https://www.isro.gov.in/Successful_Hot_Test_of_CE20_Cryogenic.html) - ISRO, September 10, 2026.
64. [Parliament Question: Gaganyaan Mission and Bharatiya Antariksh Station](https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2294771) - Press Information Bureau, August 5, 2026.
65. [US-India Satellite Captures Time-lapse Video of Volcanic Eruption](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/us-india-satellite-captures-time-lapse-video-of-volcanic-eruption/) - NASA JPL, September 24, 2026.
66. [NISAR S-Band SAR Data Products Release](https://www.isro.gov.in/NISARS_Band_SAR_Data_Products_Release.html) - ISRO, July 24, 2026.
67. [Clarification regarding media reports on concerns relating to Space Sector Reforms and the role of ISRO](https://www.isro.gov.in/Clarification_regarding_media_reports.html) - ISRO, September 6, 2026.
68. [TDB-DST signs agreement with Agnikul Cosmos for ₹200 crore RDI support to develop fully reusable Agnibaan launch vehicle](https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2314836) - Press Information Bureau, September 25, 2026.
69. [Chairman ISRO/ Secretary DOS participated in the International Space Summit at Paris during September 9-10, 2026](https://www.isro.gov.in/International_Space_Summit.html) - ISRO, September 23, 2026.
70. [ISRO's comeback with the successful launch of EOS-05](https://www.thespacereview.com/article/5304/1) - The Space Review, September 8, 2026.
71. [Woman Robot Astronaut "Vyommitra" will fly into Space ahead of ISRO's ambitious "Gaganyaan" mission, which will be India's first human manned Space Flight carrying Indian Astronauts into Space](https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2002418) - Press Information Bureau, February 4, 2024.
72. [Parliament Question: Achievements of Gaganyaan Mission](https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2227019) - Press Information Bureau, February 12, 2026.
73. [Orbit manoeuvring of EOS-05 spacecraft](https://www.isro.gov.in/Orbit_manoeuvring_of_EOS05_spacecraft.html) - ISRO, September 5, 2026.
74. [ISRO successfully conducts hot test of Semicryogenic Engine Power Head Test Article at full thrust level](https://www.isro.gov.in/Semicryogenic_Engine_Power_Head_Test.html) - ISRO, September 5, 2026.
75. [Targeting six more launches this financial year: ISRO chief V Narayanan](https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/targeting-six-more-launches-this-financial-year-isro-chief-v-narayanan20260904054750/) - ANI, September 4, 2026.
76. [India-U.S. Civil Space Joint Working Group meeting at ISRO Headquarters, Bengaluru](https://www.isro.gov.in/India_US_Civil_Space_Joint_meeting_at_ISRO.html) - ISRO, August 12, 2026.
77. [Anomaly in PSLV detected and resolved: Jitendra Singh](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/anomaly-in-pslv-detected-and-resolved-jitendra-singh/article71098533.ece) - The Hindu, June 13, 2026.
78. [ISRO successfully completes Crew Module-Service Module Separation Tests for Gaganyaan Programme](https://www.isro.gov.in/Crew_Module_Service_Module_Separation_Tests.html) - ISRO, October 16, 2026.
79. [GSLV-F18/NVS-03 Mission](https://www.isro.gov.in/Mission_GSLVF18.html) - ISRO.
80. [Final Orbit manoeuvring of NVS-03 spacecraft](https://www.isro.gov.in/Final_Orbit_manoeuvring_of_NVS03_spacecraft.html) - ISRO, November 4, 2026.
81. [Ground test of third stage of PSLV (PS3) conducted successfully](https://www.isro.gov.in/Ground_test_of_third_stage_of_PSLV_PS3.html) - ISRO, November 12, 2026.